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How your property tax really works

Nine short steps. No math degree needed.

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Step 1 of 9

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Neighbors share the cost

Your town needs money for schools, roads, police and parks. Think of that money as one big jar of coins. Each house and business puts in money, coins in this case. That is property tax.

Tap the jar to open it and see who gets the coins.

Step 2 of 9

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The jar stays the same size

Schools, the county, cities and special districts each decide how much money they need. Together, that is the jar. Each one sets its own rate. Added together, they make the rate: the tax on each $1,000 of taxed house value. This rate is also called the mill levy. One mill is $1 for each $1,000. The jar does not grow just because houses are worth more. The rate that keeps the jar the same size is called the certified tax rate.

Step 3 of 9

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Your bill depends on your house

Your bill is your house's part of the jar. Compare your house value to the others, not to last year.

Step 4 of 9

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New neighbors add money to the jar

New houses are the one thing that makes the jar bigger without asking. They join the jar the year after they are built.

Step 5 of 9

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A bigger jar needs a public hearing

Each group, like the schools or the county, sets its own part of the jar. Each group is called a taxing entity. It can keep its part the same, or make it smaller. Asking for more makes the jar bigger. That means telling neighbors and holding a public hearing, called a Truth in Taxation hearing. Neighbors can speak.

Step 6 of 9

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Living there gets a discount

Does someone live in the house at least 183 days in a row? Then only 55 of every 100 dollars of its value is taxed. This discount is called the primary residence exemption. The taxed part is called the taxable value. A second home is taxed on all 100. The rate is the same for both.

Step 7 of 9

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Try your house

Type the house value from your July letter. The letter calls it the market value. Then see your estimate.

Main home

  • July: your letter arrives.
  • September 15: last day to appeal your value.
  • By November 1: your bill.
  • November 30: pay.

Step 8 of 9

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Think your value is too high?

Your July letter shows your house's market value. That is what it could sell for on January 1. If it looks too high, you can ask the county to look again. This is called an appeal.

How to appeal

  1. Find proof. Use recent sales of homes like yours, a purchase contract, or an appraisal.
  2. Appeal by September 15 at 5 p.m. File online at wasatchcounty.gov/appeals, or get a paper form from the Clerk-Auditor. Send your proof with it.
  3. Go to your hearing if you can. An appraiser who works for the county explains how the county set your value. A person from outside the county, called a hearing officer, hears both sides and suggests a value. You do not have to go. If you stay home, only your proof speaks for you.
  4. The county council makes it final. When it does this job, it is called the Board of Equalization. Still disagree? You have 30 days to appeal to the state.

What a win does to bills

Step 9 of 9

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What the county can change

The county sets only its own part of the jar. In 2025, the county got about 14 of every 100 property tax dollars. Schools got about 69. The county can lower its part in three ways. Each way has a cost.

How it works

    The cost:

    Later:

    The county’s mill levy

    The county’s levies in 2025. One mill is $1 for each $1,000 of taxable value.

    LevyMills
    General operations0.967
    Library0.117
    Assessing and collecting0.112
    Health0.054
    Bond payments0.018
    County total1.268

    Three things to remember

    • The jar does not grow because house values grow.
    • Your bill depends on your house value compared to the others.
    • New neighbors and public hearings are how the jar grows.

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    House gauge tool

    What can taxing entities do to your property tax rate?

    Utah resets the rate every year so each taxing entity (school district, county, city, special district) gets the same dollars as last year, plus new growth such as new construction. Each entity can choose to take less or ask for more. This tool combines all of them into one pot. Move the slider to see what happens. The numbers start from Wasatch County’s 2025 data for all entities together.

    A house filled with the property tax bill The house fills with color as the property tax bill on your home rises. A dashed line marks last year’s bill. A solid line marks the bill at the certified rate.
    The house fills with this year’s property tax on your home. Move the slider up to ask for more. Move it down to take less. The solid line is the bill at the certified rate.
    • Property tax on your home this year
    • ↑ Above the certified rate (more)
    • ↓ Below the certified rate (less)
    • Last year’s bill

    Certified rate: the rate that raises the dollars budgeted last year, plus new growth. Move the slider down to take less. Move it up to ask for more.

    Where the money comes from or goes

    The next five years

    Each year’s certified rate starts from the revenue the entity budgeted the year before, so a change carries forward. Utah law also lets an entity that cut its budget go back up to its earlier budget without a hearing for five years, counting the year of the cut (Utah Code 59-2-919(11)). This chart does not show that.

    How often the change repeats

    Change the assumptions

    The growth values are examples, not forecasts. “What the model simplifies” is under Sources.

    Neighborhood tool

    Your value went up. Did the taxing entities get more money?

    No. Each taxing entity asks for a set amount. Values only decide how the total is split into bills. Move the sliders and watch the bills.

    Appeals tool

    What happens when a value is appealed?

    A won appeal lowers one value. It does not force a taxing entity to take less money. The entity may raise its rate to collect the same dollars, without a new Truth in Taxation hearing (Utah Code 59-2-921). Try both choices.

    What does the entity do?

    New homes tool

    What if new homes are built?

    New construction is the one thing that adds revenue without a rate increase. Utah calls it new growth. It is left out of each entity’s certified rate calculation, so new homes pay the certified rate on top of last year’s budget (Utah Code 59-2-924). Change the numbers.

    Who gets it

      Ways a group can change the number

      Ways a taxing entity can move the number

      Take less than last yearLowers the fill
      The entity sets a rate below the certified rate. Next year starts from that lower budget. For five years, counting the year of the cut, the law lets the entity go back up to its earlier budget without a hearing (Utah Code 59-2-919(11)).
      Pay with other revenueChanges where the money comes from
      An entity can pay for some services from other money, such as the hotel tax, so it does not need more property tax. It works only while the other fund has money.
      Spend lessLowers the dollars needed
      Less spending means less money to raise.
      Keep last year’s dollarsFill stops at the solid line
      No hearing needed. When values rise, the rate falls. The entity gets last year’s budgeted dollars plus new growth.
      Give targeted reliefHelps specific owners, the fill stays put
      The county can reduce or delay the bill for owners who need help (Utah Code 59-2-1347). State programs such as the circuit breaker add more relief.
      Ask for moreRaises the fill
      The entity must tell owners and hold a public hearing first (Utah Code 59-2-919). A rate lower than last year’s still counts as an increase if it is above certified. Counties also have a cap on the combined county levy, with listed exceptions (Utah Code 59-2-908, 59-2-911).
      What no single entity can changeOutside the house
      State law sets the 45% home exemption. Each entity sets only its own rate. The state sets its own rates, including the minimum school levy. Home values follow the market.

      Calendar

      The year a rate is set

      Rules as amended through the 2026 General Session. For the 2025 tax year, certified rates were due June 8 (June 13 from 2026), and the July to June entity statement rules (HB236) began May 6, 2026.

        Counties budget on a calendar year (January 1 to December 31). Entities with a July to June budget follow a different track for increase hearings. Since May 6, 2026 (HB236), a July to June entity that proposes an increase makes two separate public statements, publishes a tax impact schedule and sets the extra money aside until its final budget (Utah Code 59-2-919, 59-2-924(8)).

        Primary and second homes

        Primary and second homes: what differs

        Where it goes

            Where a Wasatch County bill goes

            Median home

              Sources

              What the model simplifies

              • Utah’s certified rate formula also adjusts for the share of taxes collected over the last five years and for the average change in value from appeals (Utah Code 59-2-924(4)). The model leaves both out.
              • The model uses the Tax Commission’s taxes charged in 2025 in place of the revenue the entities budgeted.
              • Each entity has its own boundaries and levies, and tax areas differ. The model combines all entities into one pot with one average rate.
              • New growth is one number here. Utah Code 59-2-924 defines eligible new growth in detail.
              • New growth assumes vacant land was taxed at 100% and each entity budgets the new revenue.

              Numbers this page uses

              Every number comes from the Utah State Tax Commission 2025 annual statistical report or Utah Code, or is worked out from them. The status says which.

              Explainer by Erik Rowland. Based on 2025 Utah State Tax Commission data for Wasatch County. Not tax or legal advice.

              Data year 2025.